Повышенный вес в молодом и в среднем возрасте увеличивает риск преждевременной смерти.
По данным исследования, опубликованного в BMJ, повышенный вес в молодом (от 25 до 35 лет) и в среднем (для мужчин - от 36 до 60; для женщин - от 36 до 55) возрастах ведёт к увеличению риска преждевременной смерти.
В рамках программы The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey была проанализирована динамика изменения индекса массы тела у 36 000 американцев в возрасте от 25 до 47 лет и от 47 до 57 лет. В течение примерно 12 лет наблюдения умерли почти 30% когорты. Самый низкий риск смертности был среди тех, кто поддерживал нормальный индекс массы тела на протяжении всей взрослой жизни. По сравнению с ними в группе, в которой участникам исследования диагноз ожирение был выставлен в возрасте от 25 до 47 лет, риск смерти был на 22% выше. Те, кто похудел в возрасте от 47 до 57 лет, также имели повышенный риск смертности. Из этого следует, что поддержание стабильно нормального индекса массы тела и особенно предотвращение увеличения веса в молодом возрасте, ведёт к снижению риска преждевременной смерти.
Источник: BMJ. 2019 Oct 16;367:l5584. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l5584.
Weight change across adulthood in relation to all cause and cause specific mortality: prospective cohort study.
Chen C
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the association between weight changes across adulthood and mortality.
DESIGN:
Prospective cohort study.
SETTING:
US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-94 and 1999-2014.
PARTICIPANTS:
36 051 people aged 40 years or over with measured body weight and height at baseline and recalled weight at young adulthood (25 years old) and middle adulthood (10 years before baseline).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
All cause and cause specific mortality from baseline until 31 December 2015.
RESULTS:
During a mean follow-up of 12.3 years, 10 500 deaths occurred. Compared with participants who remained at normal weight, those moving from the non-obese to obese category between young and middle adulthood had a 22% (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.33) and 49% (1.49, 1.21 to 1.83) higher risk of all cause mortality and heart disease mortality, respectively. Changing from obese to non-obese body mass index over this period was not significantly associated with mortality risk. An obese to non-obese weight change pattern from middle to late adulthood was associated with increased risk of all cause mortality (1.30, 1.16 to 1.45) and heart disease mortality (1.48, 1.14 to 1.92), whereas moving from the non-obese to obese category over this period was not significantly associated with mortality risk. Maintaining obesity across adulthood was consistently associated with increased risk of all cause mortality; the hazard ratio was 1.72 (1.52 to 1.95) from young to middle adulthood, 1.61 (1.41 to 1.84) from young to late adulthood, and 1.20 (1.09 to 1.32) from middle to late adulthood. Maximum overweight had a very modest or null association with mortality across adulthood. No significant associations were found between various weight change patterns and cancer mortality.
CONCLUSIONS:
Stable obesity across adulthood, weight gain from young to middle adulthood, and weight loss from middle to late adulthood were associated with increased risks of mortality. The findings imply that maintaining normal weight across adulthood, especially preventing weight gain in early adulthood, is important for preventing premature deaths in later life.
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